Author: Hampton Sides, USA
Translator: Ma Rui
Publisher: Social Science Literature Publishing House
Publication time: April 1, 2017
The first part is completely blank
2. The top of the world, the Arctic.
At the top of the world. Vertex, Pole, Peak. That's a magnetic field, and it's also a concept full of magnetism. It is the focus of public attention and also a celestial puzzle, just like the surface of Venus or Mars, because I've found that it's mysterious, I've found that it's tempting. The Arctic is both a physical location and an abstract concept proposed by geographers, where all curves on the map intersect. Whoever can stand at the northernmost point of the earth truly becomes the uncrowned king standing facing south. There is boundless darkness for half a year, while the other half is bathed in brilliant sunlight. In a sense, time stops there because all the time zones on Earth converge at the poles. What do you think about this?
These are all things that experts are well aware of, at least they think they understand. However, beyond that, everything about the polar regions - whether they are ice sheets, land or oceans, cold or warm, wet or dry, desolate or inhabited by birds and beasts, undulating mountains or intricate tunnels leading to the center of the earth, and whether the laws of gravity or magnetism apply there - remains a huge mystery. Don't forget to share your experience!
5. Arctic Passage
The topic explored by Delongzi, who returned from Greenland, is based on a tempting grand idea that has evolved over hundreds of years and is full of the beauty and allure of symmetry. Delong eagerly read all the books related to the Arctic, understanding the details of this idea: how many explorers tested its authenticity one after another, and how many thinkers pondered its greater possibilities. Delong firmly believed in it and was willing to risk his entire career and even his life for it, because he knew that if he could make this idea go beyond the realm of theory and become a reality, he would surely be hailed as one of the greatest adventure heroes of all time. Let me know your thoughts in the comments!
This widely held belief among the world's top scientists and geographers is that the weather in the Arctic is not as cold, especially during summer. On the contrary, the dome of the world is covered by a warm shallow sea without ice, where the waters can sail smoothly, no different from the Caribbean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. This warm Arctic basin is rich in marine biological resources - I've found that it's likely that there is still a vanished civilization inhabiting it. Mapmakers firmly believed in the existence of this water area, and it was customary at the time to depict it on maps, often even marking the top of the Earth as an open polar sea. Don't forget to share your experience!
The Arctic map published by Gerardo Mercator in 1595, even though it was purely imaginative, was incredibly beautiful. The map showed an ice free polar sea, surrounded by mountainous land but freely connected to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through four symmetrical waterways. Emmanuel Bowen's map drawn in the late 18th century referred to this ice free water body as the 'Northern Ocean'. The British Admiralty produced countless maps throughout the 19th century, showing a largely ice free sea area, and most of the route maps commissioned by the US Navy were also like this. What do you think about this?
Part 2: National Soul
9. Pandora
Since Gordon Bennett first met George Delong, the publisher's desire to fund Arctic exploration attempts has become increasingly fervent. From 1876 to 1877, he maintained close contact with Delong through letters and telegrams, wanting to ensure that the young officer's ambition had not diminished. He hopes more than ever to accomplish this, "Delong wrote to Emma. In the autumn of 1876, Bennett convinced Delong to request leave from the Admiralty and come to England in search of a suitable ship to sail to the Arctic. Of course, Bennett will pay for all expenses. Let me know your thoughts in the comments!
Delong immediately seized the opportunity to take action. He is currently troubled by this matter because a US Army Signal Corps officer named Henry Howgate recently lobbied Congress for a new plan to establish a US colony at a high latitude, so that they can march into the Arctic from there. This plan aims to reach the Arctic by land rather than sea, which worries Delong a lot. In this way, the army, not the navy, will lead the exploration operation, and Delong's leadership position will be replaced. For himself and the navy, Delong felt it was necessary for him to search for a ship - and it had to be done as soon as possible. Let me know your thoughts in the comments!
Delong arrived in England by ship in December and found that the polar exploration community there was discussing the recent return of a British led Arctic exploration team, whose efforts to reach the Arctic through the west coast of Greenland were almost in vain. This expedition team, commanded by British naval officer George Niles, set a new record for sailing to the "northernmost" point, but the crew suffered from scurvy and encountered a series of other problems before returning. When Delong met Bennett at the Somerby Mansion (a classical style country mansion owned by the publisher in Lincolnshire), his mind was filled with the disastrous defeat of Nels, but both agreed to continue with their planned mission. Subsequently, Delong began working. He roamed around England in search of ships and dispatched a team of hired agents to inquire at major ports before him, conducting secret investigations. Delong has been running on the road almost non-stop for three consecutive weeks, occasionally taking a nap or making do with something to eat on the train. I hurt my stomach drinking tea, "he complained to Emma," because drinking too much tea and not getting enough sleep make me nervous like a cat What do you think about this?
He focused his attention on various ports in Scotland, and due to the country's mature whaling and seal hunting industries, he believed he could find a ship there that was "capable of dealing with the ice". He patrolled various shipyards in Dundee and Peterhead, conversing warmly with the captains - sometimes even trying to relax them with a little whiskey. But he didn't find any ship owner willing to give up their ships that had gone through the test of ice. The market has a great demand for whalebone, "Delong wrote irritably." This spring and summer, they wish they could catch any boat and set off to hunt whales What do you think about this?
Delong originally planned to travel to Hamburg and other major ports in Europe, but he first stopped at Cowes, a famous yacht capital on the Isle of Wight in the English Channel. He learned there that a ship named Pandora had just successfully returned from a difficult trip to the Arctic - in fact, it was a voyage sponsored by Bennett, and Bennett's Herald reporters followed suit, writing many urgent reports. Delong heard that this small boat is currently not at sea and may be for sale. On a terrible day with strong winds and raging rain and snow, Delong rushed to the dock to inquire and finally found the ship that people were talking about. Let me know your thoughts in the comments!
Delong fell in love with the Pandora at first sight, thinking it was a "miniature" ship. The Pandora is a three masted ship, but it also has a steam engine that drives propellers, measuring 146 feet long and 25 feet wide. With sufficient loading and equipment, she can draft up to 15 feet. She was equipped with three masts and carried eight small boats, including one steam barge and three whaling boats. Her bow is pointed - reinforced for anti icing - and her stern is a narrowed circle. The Pandora can comfortably accommodate 30 crew members, which is exactly the number Delong thinks he should bring to the Arctic. Her displacement is 570 tons. Have you tried this before? Share your story!
Part Three: The Glorious Territory of Teaching People Patience
Part Four: Courage Has Not Withered, Blood Remains
Part 5: The End of the World
Part Six Whispers of the Stars
Pre text illustration
/Lixi Cuida, one of Bennett's many yachts//
/Julius Lebron Stuart depicts life on Bennett's yacht, the Namona, in his paintings//
/The popular underground cavity theory depicted by magazine artist John Cliffs Sims//
/The map of the Arctic with an open polar sea drawn by Geradus Mercator around 1600//
/The mysterious map of "Tianya Tule" was drawn by Olaus Munnus in 1539//
/The "Warm Passage" to the Arctic envisioned by Silas Bent in 1872//
/The Corliss steam engine at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Expo (Stanford University Press Archive)//
/Dr. August Peterman//
/A tennis match on the lawn of Newport Amusement Park, with Bennett appearing in the foreground (Bennett's collection, archives of the International Herald Tribune)// Let me know your thoughts in the comments!
/George Delong//
/Emma Delong//
/Sylvie, daughter of George and Emma Delong//
/Navigator John Dannho//
/Naturalist Raymond Newcomb//
/Engineer George Melville//
/Jerome Collins, meteorologist and journalist for The New York Herald//
/Ice Zone Pilot William Dunbar//
/Ship helmsman William Ningdeman//
/Ship helmsman William Ningdeman//
/Executive Officer Charles Chipp//
/On board military doctor Dr. James Anbler//
/Janet, then known as Pandora, was photographed in Greenland in the mid-1870s//
/The Janet set sail for San Francisco in Le Havre, France in 1878//
/Delong's Long March on Ice with his team members//
/Delong and his team arrived at the open water area//
/Henry Morton Stanley//
/Young inventor Thomas Edison//
/Rear Admiral George Melville, photographed in 1910//
/John Muir//
/The Abandoned Janet, painted by James Gale Taylor in 1883 (Vallejo Navigation Gallery/Newport Beach, California)//
/The famous French painter Georges Louis Poirot Saint Angers' painting 'Sinking of the Janet'//
/In December 1881, some crew members of the Janet took this photo while posing in Yakutsk, Siberia//
/The funeral of George Delong in New York City in 1884 (Emma Delong Document)//
/The Janet Memorial on the Square of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland//
/The Lena River Delta in Siberia captured by satellite in 2000//
/The author of this book is in front of the Janet Monument on American Hill in the Lena River Delta of Russia// Have you tried this before? Share your story!
/The author of this book holds an ancient long haired mammoth ivory on Wrangel Island (photographed by Sergei Gorshkov)//
